Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient four humours theory. It may have origins in ancient Egypt or Mesopotamia, but it was the Greek physician Hippocrates (460–370 BC) who developed it into a medical theory. Certain human moods, emotions, and behaviours were caused by an excess or lack of body fluids (called "humour"): blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.
there are four fundamental personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic
Sanguine
The personality type of Sanguine is described primarily as being enthusiastic, active, and social. Sanguine tend to be more extroverted and enjoy being part of a crowd; they find that being social, outgoing, and charismatic is easy to accomplish. Individuals with this personality have a hard time doing nothing and engage in a more risk-seeking behaviour.
Choleric
Choleric individuals also tend to be more extroverted. They are described as being independent, decisive, and goal oriented. They enjoy being in charge of a group since they have many leadership qualities as well as ambition. Choleric personalities also have a logical and fact-based outlook on the world.
Melancholic
These individuals tend to be analytical, detail oriented, and are deep thinkers and feelers. They are introverted and try to avoid being singled out in a crowd. A melancholic personality leads to self-reliant individuals, who are thoughtful, reserved, and often anxious. They often strive for perfection within themselves and their surroundings, which leads to tidy and detail oriented behaviour.
Phlegmatic
A phlegmatic individual tends to be relaxed, peaceful, quiet, and easy-going. They are sympathetic and care about others, yet try to hide their emotions. Phlegmatic individuals also are good at generalizing ideas or problems to the world and making compromises.
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